Around the beginning of the First World War, the area that was traditionally Armenia was divided between the Ottoman and Russian empires; there had not been an independent Armenian state for over 500 years. During the First World War, perhaps up to a million ethnic Armenians living in the Ottoman Empire were systematically killed. After the Russian Revolution, Russian Armenia gained its independence, and after the war the Treaty of Sèvres (which was never implemented) allocated a large portion of Anatolia to Armenia. However, in 1920 the Turks and Russians invaded Armenia, leading to the end of an independent Armenia.
